1. Overview & Statutory Accounting Principles
Under ISO 14064-1:2018 Clause 5.2 and the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, regulated facilities must maintain complete, verifiable activity records for all Scope 1 (Direct Fuel & Process Combustion) and Scope 2 (Purchased Electricity & Steam) emission streams.
Carbonatoz enforces deterministic activity data ingestion with continuous unit validation, automatic IPCC/DEFRA statutory emission factor resolution, and cryptographic SHA-256 evidence anchoring.
2. Standard Emission Source Classification Matrix
Ensure activity data is categorized under the proper source stream before recording:
| Scope | Stream Category | Common Industrial Fuel / Source | Standard Statutory Unit | Statutory Calculation Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scope 1 | Stationary Combustion | Natural Gas, Heavy Fuel Oil, Coking Coal, Diesel (DG Sets) | Nm^3, Metric Tonnes, Litres | Emission = Activity × NCV × EF_{fuel} × OF |
| Scope 1 | Mobile Combustion | Forklifts, Plant Yard Trucks, Heavy Earthmovers | Litres, Gallons | Emission = Fuel\ Consumed × EF_{mobile} |
| Scope 1 | Industrial Process | Lime Calcination, Sinter Decarbonization, Anode Consumption | Metric Tonnes (Raw Material) | Emission = Feedstock × Stoichiometric\ Factor |
| Scope 2 | Purchased Electricity | State Grid Utility Supply, Dedicated Captive PPA | kWh, MWh | Emission = Consumption × Grid\ Factor\ (CEA/IEA) |
| Scope 2 | Purchased Steam / Heat | District Heating, Cogeneration Import | GJ, MWh_{th} | Emission = Imported\ Enthalpy × Boiler\ Efficiency\ Factor |
3. Step-by-Step Procedure: Manual Activity Ingestion
Follow these operational steps to input and lock monthly activity data:
Navigate to the GHG Activity Ledger
In the left navigation menu, click GHG AccountingActivity Data.
Use the header selector to choose your target Facility (e.g., Jamshedpur Hot Rolling Mill 02).
Select the Accounting Period Year & Month (e.g., 2026 — Quarter 2 (May)).
Initiate New Activity Record Entry
Click the blue + Add Activity Record button in the top-right corner.
In the modal dialog, select the Source Stream Tag from the dropdown (e.g., Reheating Furnace #4 — Natural Gas Burners).
Notice how the platform auto-populates the required statutory unit of measurement (Nm^3) and the assigned IPCC emission factor.
Input Activity Quantities & Tier 3 Overrides
Gross Quantity Consumed: Enter the total meter reading or invoice quantity (e.g.,
452500.00).Measurement Origin: Select between
Utility Invoiced, Continuous Meter (SCADA), or Manual Tank Dip Measurement.Custom Net Calorific Value (NCV): If laboratory bomb calorimeter test certificates are available, check Apply Tier 3 Laboratory NCV and input the tested value in GJ/t or MJ/Nm^3.
**Oxidation Factor (OF):** Default is set to 1.00 (100% complete combustion) unless specific unburned carbon in ash tests justify a verified lower factor.
Attach Primary Evidence & Invoice Proof
Under Evidence & Audit Trail, drag and drop the scanned PDF/PNG invoice or meter log sheet (maximum 25MB).
Enter the Invoice / Batch Reference Number (e.g., INV-GAIL-2026-05882).
The platform calculates an instant SHA-256 cryptographic digest of the attached file to ensure tamper-proof evidence preservation.
Preview Footprint & Submit Record
Review the calculated emissions displayed in the live calculation summary card:
Direct GHG Footprint: Computed tonnes of CO_2e.
Biogenic Fraction: Deducted renewable biofuel fraction if certified zero-carbon origin.
Click Submit Activity Record.
The record enters
pending_approval status in the facility queue. Once approved by the Facility Manager or Lead Accountant, the record is locked permanently.4. Technical Note: Factor Precedence & Automated Validation
5. Error Diagnostics & Remediation
| Validation Issue | Description | Root Cause & Resolution |
|---|---|---|
| Inactive Source Stream | Source Stream Inactive | The selected equipment stream has been marked as decommissioned or in maintenance. Update stream status in FacilitiesSource Register. |
| Duplicate Invoice Reference | Duplicate Invoice Reference | An activity record with this exact invoice reference number has already been recorded for this facility. Check the existing ledger before re-entering. |
| Out-of-Bounds NCV Value | NCV Value Exceeds Standard Limits | The entered custom NCV deviates by more than 20% from IPCC standard benchmark ranges. Verify laboratory test units (MJ/kg vs GJ/t). |